Some elements of the production system are likely to be automated,whereas others will be operated manually or clerically.For our purpose here automation can be defined as a technology concerned with the application of mechanical,electrical and computer based system to operate and control production.
The automated elements of the production system can be separated into two categories
1.Automation of the Manufacturing system in the factory
2.Computerization of the Manufacturing support system
In modern production system the automated manufacturing system,the two categories overlap to some extent,because the automated manufacturing system operating on the factory floor are themselves often implemented by computer system and connected to the computerized manufacturing system and connected to the computerized manufacturing support system and management information system operating at the plant and enterprise levels.
Automated Manufacturing System
Automated Manufacturing Systems operate in the factory on the physical product.They performs operation such as processing,assembly,inspection or material handling in some cases accomplishing more than one of these operations in the same.Some of the examples of automated manufacturing systems include:
Automated manufacturing system can be classified into three basic types:
1.Fixed Automation:It is a system in which sequence of processing operation is fixed by the equipment configuration.The economical justification for fixed automation is found in production that are produced in very large quantities and at high production rate.Fixed automation include machining transfer lines and automated assembly machines.
2.Programmable Automation:In Programmable Automation,the production equipment designed with the capability to change the sequence of operations to accommodate different product configuration .The operation sequence is controlled by a program,which is a set of instruction coded so that they can read and interpreted by the system.Programmable automation include numerically controlled machine tools and PLC's
3.Flexible Automation:Flexible Automation is an extension of programmable automation.The production rate is medium and it is flexible to deal with product design.
Computerized Manufacturing Support System
It is generally implemented to reduce the amount of manual and clerical efforts in product design, manufacturing,planning and control and the business function of the firm.The Computer Integrated Manufacturing(CIM) denotes the necessary use of computer system to design the product,plan the production,control the operation and performs various business related function needed in manufacturing firm.In CIM Computer Aided Design(CAD) denotes the use of computer system to perform functiones related to manufacturing ,engineering,such as process planning and numerical control part programming.
Processing activities are accomplished to implement the four basic manufacturing support fuctions
1.Business functions 2.Product design 3.Manufacturing planning 4.Manufacturing control.
REASONS FOR AUTOMATING:
The automated elements of the production system can be separated into two categories
1.Automation of the Manufacturing system in the factory
2.Computerization of the Manufacturing support system
In modern production system the automated manufacturing system,the two categories overlap to some extent,because the automated manufacturing system operating on the factory floor are themselves often implemented by computer system and connected to the computerized manufacturing system and connected to the computerized manufacturing support system and management information system operating at the plant and enterprise levels.
Automated Manufacturing Systems operate in the factory on the physical product.They performs operation such as processing,assembly,inspection or material handling in some cases accomplishing more than one of these operations in the same.Some of the examples of automated manufacturing systems include:
- Automated machine tools that process parts
- Automated assembly systems
- Automatic inspection system for quality control
- Automatic material handling and storage system to integrate manufacturing operation
Automated manufacturing system can be classified into three basic types:
1.Fixed Automation:It is a system in which sequence of processing operation is fixed by the equipment configuration.The economical justification for fixed automation is found in production that are produced in very large quantities and at high production rate.Fixed automation include machining transfer lines and automated assembly machines.
2.Programmable Automation:In Programmable Automation,the production equipment designed with the capability to change the sequence of operations to accommodate different product configuration .The operation sequence is controlled by a program,which is a set of instruction coded so that they can read and interpreted by the system.Programmable automation include numerically controlled machine tools and PLC's
3.Flexible Automation:Flexible Automation is an extension of programmable automation.The production rate is medium and it is flexible to deal with product design.
It is generally implemented to reduce the amount of manual and clerical efforts in product design, manufacturing,planning and control and the business function of the firm.The Computer Integrated Manufacturing(CIM) denotes the necessary use of computer system to design the product,plan the production,control the operation and performs various business related function needed in manufacturing firm.In CIM Computer Aided Design(CAD) denotes the use of computer system to perform functiones related to manufacturing ,engineering,such as process planning and numerical control part programming.
Processing activities are accomplished to implement the four basic manufacturing support fuctions
1.Business functions 2.Product design 3.Manufacturing planning 4.Manufacturing control.
REASONS FOR AUTOMATING:
- To increase labor productivity
- To reduce labor cost
- To reduce or eliminating routine manual and clerical task
- To improve worker safety
- To improve product quality
- To reduce manufacturing lead time
- To mitigate the effect of labor shortage
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